When a farmer in Ghana receives payment for her cocoa beans straight to her phone, a tro-tro driver accepts fares without cash and a young trader in Tamale receives mobile payments from customers hundreds of kilometres away, it shows how digital payments are quietly becoming part of everyday life in the country, changing how money moves and how people earn and trade.
Over the past decade, Ghana has built one of Africa’s most active digital economies, powered by bold policy decisions and strong collaboration between the government, banks, the telecoms sector and development partners. The Bank of Ghana reports that there are now around 76-million registered mobile-money accounts and 24-million active users, making the country a continental leader in mobile finance.
This growth flows from deliberate reform.
The Payment Systems and Services Act (2019) gives the Bank of Ghana clear oversight of payment service providers and fintechs, and protects users through stronger rules on transparency and consumer rights. The establishment of the bank’s Fintech and Innovation Office soon after helped guide the digital finance and fintech sector’s expansion while keeping systems secure and accountable.
In 2018, Ghana became one of the first African countries to achieve full mobile-money interoperability, allowing users to transfer funds freely across networks and between bank accounts and digital wallets. This simple step removed barriers and set a new benchmark for financial inclusion in Africa.
Digital payments are now woven into Ghana’s economy – from markets and farms to hospitals and schools. In one initiative supported by the Better Than Cash Alliance, 10 000 cocoa farmers received digital payments – improving transparency and giving many their first verifiable financial record.
Yet challenges remain.
Despite the rapid growth of digital payments, adoption is uneven. Many businesses, especially in agriculture, still rely on personal mobile-money accounts, which can be costly and limit growth. Only about a third of firms are using formal digital solutions, according to a report by the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) and Retail Finance Distribution (ReFinD).
Rural users and women remain less likely to use digital accounts, with the gender gap standing at roughly 7%. Many registered users remain inactive, highlighting challenges of trust, connectivity and digital literacy. Closing these gaps is essential. Access alone isn’t enough – digital payments must be easy, affordable and reliable for everyone if they are to translate into real economic opportunity.
The government’s plan for a “24-hour economy” depends on payments that work beyond business hours. Cash creates natural limits – it requires physical exchange, security and proximity, all of which slow trade after dark. Digital finance removes these barriers, allowing traders, artisans and service providers to transact safely and efficiently at any hour.
A model for Africa
As host of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Secretariat, Ghana is helping to shape the continent’s digital trade agenda. Its experience with interoperability, payment systems regulation and consumer protection offers lessons for countries looking to modernise their own systems.
Partnerships with organisations such as the Better Than Cash Alliance are helping to advance responsible digital payments, promoting systems designed around transparency, data protection and fair recourse for users.
Ghana’s digital payments story demonstrates what’s possible when policy and innovation work in tandem. The next step is helping people use digital access to build income, savings and financial confidence.
When small businesses, farmers and workers can move money safely and affordably, they trade more efficiently and keep more of what they earn. However, to sustain this progress, Ghana must continue to strengthen consumer trust, data protection and digital literacy.
Because in the end, it’s not about technology; it’s about people: the farmer checking his phone in Ashanti, the trader in Makola, the tailor in Tamale – each using digital payments to build a little more stability, a little more opportunity and a little more dignity.
That’s the real power in every payment.
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