Bank of Ghana (BoG) has pumped about $10 billion onto the market since January 2025 in foreign exchange support to help stabilise the cedi.
This is the total amount the Central Bank has sold to commercial banks and businesses to meet their dollar needs, a move that has significantly supported the currency.
The intervention spans January to the first week of December 2025 and forms part of what officials describe as “dollar intervention.”
Sources close to the Bank of Ghana tell JOYBUSINESS the move is part of a broader strategy to meet market demand for dollars, rather than a programme designed solely to defend the cedi.
Funding this support
Funding for the intervention has been drawn from the Bank of Ghana (BoG)’s Domestic Gold Purchase Programme, which has generated windfall gains from rising gold prices. These proceeds have been used to support the market through dollar auctions.
The Central Bank has executed the programme without depleting its reserves. Officials say the support has been structured to ensure Ghana’s debt obligations and reserve build-up efforts are not affected.
BoG has channelled portions of the gold windfall into reserve accumulation, upcoming debt repayments, and dollar support for the market.
Latest Economic and Financial Data from the Central Bank show Ghana’s international reserves at $9.1 billion in December 2024.
By October 2025, reserves had improved to $11.4 billion, with strong indications that the year could close above $12 billion.
Some market analysts tell Joy Business that this proves the intervention has not led to reserve depletion.
In October alone, the Bank of Ghana injected $1.15 billion under the FX Intermediation Programme. The dollar auction was conducted on a market-neutral, spot basis.
Market watchers believe these interventions helped drive the cedi’s record appreciation in October 2025.
Data from the Bank of Ghana show the cedi appreciated by 13.9% against the dollar as of the end of October 2025, and by 32.2% year-to-date.
In October, the Central Bank began FX intermediation under the Domestic Gold Purchase Programme, with plans to sell up to $1.15 billion each month.
These sales occur on a spot basis through twice-weekly, price-competitive auctions open to all licensed banks.
Foreign Exchange Operations Framework
In November, the Bank of Ghana announced that its board had approved a new Foreign Exchange Operations (FX) Framework to clarify the objectives and principles guiding its FX operations.
According to the regulator, the framework reinforces its commitment to macroeconomic stability under the inflation-targeting regime and a flexible, market-driven exchange rate system.
The framework is expected to deliver three core objectives:
- Support reserve accumulation to provide a buffer against external vulnerabilities.
- Reduce excessive short-term volatility in the FX market by addressing disorderly conditions without undermining exchange rate flexibility.
- Intermediate FX flows in a market-neutral manner, using inflows from the Gold Purchase Programme or export surrender requirements.
This means the Bank of Ghana will channel FX inflows into the market in an orderly and transparent manner without attempting to influence the direction of the exchange rate.
According to the Bank, future FX interventions will follow a “structured discretion-under-constraint” approach.
This ensures interventions do not target specific exchange rate levels but address market failures, such as the absence of hedging tools for major risks.
“Reserve accumulation and intermediation objectives will be achieved through transparent and well-communicated operations,” the Bank of Ghana said in a recent statement.
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